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The dental casts were scanned employing HP Scanjet G4050 (Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and images with 300 DPI resolution were obtained. Impressions were kept according to the manufacturerвЂ™s recommendation and poured on the same day with hard dental stone (Zhermack Elite Ortho Stone, KAB Dental Inc., U.S.A) to produce orthodontic study models. Upper and lower alginate impressions (Kromopan, Lascod s.p.a, Italy) and wax bite were taken. Five hundred and twenty students (231 males and 289 females with mean age of 15.4вЂ‰В±вЂ‰1.02В years) fulfilled the following inclusion criteria and were invited to participate in the study class I incisor and molar relationships, minimal crowding or spacing (в‰¤вЂ‰2В mm), no or minor tooth rotations, no crossbite or scissors bite, all permanent teeth erupted except third molars, no missing or supernumerary teeth, no anomaly in size or shape of teeth, and no history of orthodontic treatment.

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The minimum number of subjects expected to be included in this study was 430.ДЄ full clinical examination was conducted by one examiner in the school premises using a mouth mirror under natural lighting (MJ).

Sample size calculation was done based on cross-sectional survey studies employing the sample size chart with the power of 0.90. Four schools were selected from each city by selecting every third school in the list. The schools were randomly selected from a list obtained from the Directorate of Education in the north, center and south of the country. Accordingly, the aims of this study was to determine the maxillary and mandibular arch forms in Jordanian population and to report on the mean of dental arch dimensions for Jordanians.ДЄ total of 6023 school students (2365 males and 3658 females), with an age range of 15вЂ“17В years, were examined in randomly selected schools from different districts in Jordan. However, no studies have been conducted in Jordan. Several factors have been claimed to affect arch size and forms such as ethnic background, type of malocclusion, variability in eruptive parts of the teeth, growth of the supporting bones, and movement of the teeth after emergence due to unwholesome habits and unbalanced muscular pressures Дental arch forms have been evaluated in different populations. It has been suggested that there is presently no particular form that precisely describes dental arch forms, and customization of arch forms seems to be a requisite in many cases to achieve optimum long-term stability. Other authors have suggested different forms for upper and lower arches with the upper arch taking the form of an ellipse, and the lower arch a parabola. Other suggested arch forms include semi-ellipse, parabolic, and catenary form. The ideal lower arch form has been described as a slightly modified equilateral triangle with the base representing the intercondylar width the six anterior teeth are arranged on the arc of a circle, and the radius is equivalent to the width of canines and incisors combined. Several attempts have been made to define an вЂњidealвЂќ arch form taking into cognizance the fact that dental arch is symmetric in nature and can be represented by an algebraic or geometric formula. Regarding size, the medium size was the most prevalent among the studied samples. The other forms, which included tudor arch, tapered equilateral and quadrangular forms were less frequent. ConclusionД¬atenary arch form was the most prevalent arch form, followed by wide elliptical form. Medium size arch form was found in 55.4% of the maxillary and 65.6% of the mandibular arch forms. Form 2 (which is halfway between ellipse and U-shaped arch form) was found in 27.7% and 26.7%.

Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroup sizes namely: small, medium, and large.Д¬atenary arch form was found in 47% and 41.2% ( pВ Л‚В 0.01) of maxilla and mandible arch forms, respectively.

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The resultant arch forms were classified into 5 groups for both the maxilla and mandible utilizing a computer software with special code designed for this study. A mathematical method associated with a polynomial function of 6th degree was employed to assess the dental arch forms. All subjects had permanent dentition with normal occlusion. The sample was comprised of study casts of five hundred and twenty subjects (231 males and 289 females with a mean age of 15.4вЂ‰В±вЂ‰1.02В years). The purpose of this study was to describe and elucidate the maxillary and mandibular arch forms in Jordanian population and to develop a classification method for these forms which could be employed to construct orthodontic archwires accordingly. Ethnic background has been claimed to affect arch form.

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